Medical discoveries

This selection brings together events, individual lives, and awards related to medicine. Those types can be separated in the atlas: a biography or prize is not equivalent to a medical discovery.

Canonical records: 400
Events: 155
People: 236
Processes and periods: 9

Compare in the atlas Selection criteria and limits

Topics represented

Medicine (270) · Nobel laureates (233) · People (233) · Physiology or Medicine (116) · Nobel Prizes (116) · Science (43) · Epidemics & public health (7) · Personas científicas (6) · Roman Empire (3) · Vacunación (3) · VIH/sida (3) · Antirretrovirales (2)

View distribution by region and period

Canonical records by regional label and start date. These are numerical analysis bins, not universal historical periods. A multi-region record appears in multiple rows; do not add rows as a unique-record total.
Region	3000–1 BCE	1–1499	1500–1799	1800–1899	1900–1999	Since 2000
Africa	0	3	0	2	3	0
Americas	0	0	0	26	115	2
Asia	0	4	0	2	12	0
Europe	1	3	4	58	170	28
Oceania	0	0	0	2	6	0
Global / no specific region	1	1	0	2	13	1

Records and sources

Ordered by start date. Long lives and processes may begin before the period you want to study.

1992
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
The 1992 award linked this prize to Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1993
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
The 1993 award linked this prize to Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1994
Zidovudine guidance to reduce perinatal HIV transmission
The 1994 public-health recommendations incorporated ACTG 076 results on zidovudine for selected pregnant people and newborns to reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. The result concerned a specific regimen and trial population; its adoption required diagnosis, prenatal care, consent, and access that were not universal.
1994
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
The 1994 award linked this prize to Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1995
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
The 1995 award linked this prize to Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1996
Combination antiretroviral therapy
Combination regimens, including triple therapy, achieve more durable HIV-replication suppression than monotherapy. Access and outcomes remained unequal.
1996
Triple antiretroviral therapy for HIV
In 1996, trials showed that three-drug combinations could durably suppress HIV replication to very low levels and create a higher barrier to resistance than monotherapy. This transformed treatment prospects for people able to receive it, although early regimens had adverse effects, complexity, and highly unequal access.
1996
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
The 1996 award linked this prize to Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1997
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
The 1997 award linked this prize to Stanley B. Prusiner. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1998
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
The 1998 award linked this prize to Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
1999
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
The 1999 award linked this prize to Günter Blobel. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2000
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
The 2000 award linked this prize to Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2001
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
The 2001 award linked this prize to Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Sir Paul Nurse. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2002
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
The 2002 award linked this prize to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2003
Human genome completed
The Human Genome Project is declared complete, leaving a foundational reference for genomic medicine.
2003
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
The 2003 award linked this prize to Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2004
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
The 2004 award linked this prize to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2005
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
The 2005 award linked this prize to Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2006
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
The 2006 award linked this prize to Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2007
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
The 2007 award linked this prize to Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2008
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
The 2008 award linked this prize to Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2009
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
The 2009 award linked this prize to Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2010
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010
The 2010 award linked this prize to Robert G. Edwards. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2011
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
The 2011 award linked this prize to Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann and Ralph M. Steinman. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized. Ralph M. Steinman had died shortly before the announcement without the committee’s knowledge; this was not a deliberate posthumous award.
2012
CRISPR gene editing
CRISPR-Cas9 emerges as a programmable DNA-editing tool with vast biomedical potential.
2012
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
The 2012 award linked this prize to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2013
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
The 2013 award linked this prize to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2014
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
The 2014 award linked this prize to John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2015
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015
The 2015 award linked this prize to William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura and Tu Youyou. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.
2016
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016
The 2016 award linked this prize to Yoshinori Ohsumi. This event records institutional recognition; it does not date the discovery, work, or action being recognized.