c. 1868 AD–c. 1912 AD
Meiji Restoration and transformation of the Japanese state
World history · Politics · Technology
The fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868 began a reorganization of power in the emperor’s name and programs of state, military, educational, and industrial reform. The transformation incorporated and adapted international models amid intense internal conflict; it was not a simple “Westernization” or a uniform social experience.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · approximate
- End
- year · approximate
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- Date not recorded
Reading the date: duration of a process.
Sources
- www.metmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- Pending verification: the source could not be accessed
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.