c. 1775 CE–c. 1825 CE
Atlantic revolutions and anticolonial independences
World history · Politics · Conflict
Wars and uprisings in North America, France, the Caribbean, and Spanish America challenged monarchies, empires, and colonial orders. Ideas, people, and resources circulated across the Atlantic, but their political projects, social bases, and outcomes differed; many colonial hierarchies and forms of exclusion persisted after independence.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · approximate
- End
- year · approximate
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- Date not recorded
Reading the date: duration of a process.
Sources
- openstax.org (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- 2022-12-14
- What this date describes
- The cited source or edition; it may postdate the historical event.
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
- Date evidence
- Declared in the cited source’s publisher metadata.
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.