c. 1200 AD–c. 1400 AD
Eurasian circulation and transformation of gunpowder weapons
War & military technology · Pólvora · Transferencia tecnológica · Asedio · Redes euroasiáticas
Between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, incendiary and explosive gunpowder weapons developed in China circulated through Eurasian networks, including those formed under Mongol rule, and were transformed in new workshops and military settings. Research debates particular chronologies, routes, and mechanisms of transmission; this is not presented as a linear diffusion “from China to Europe” or ascribing each region’s military changes to one technology.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · approximate
- End
- year · approximate
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- Date not recorded
Reading the date: duration of a process.
Sources
- www.cambridge.org (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- 2024-07
- What this date describes
- The cited source or edition; it may postdate the historical event.
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
- Date evidence
- Declared in the cited source’s publisher metadata.
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.