c. 1505 CE–c. 1650 CE
Estado da Índia: fortresses, factories, and strategic ports
Trade & global routes · Factorías · Puertos · Imperios marítimos · Coerción colonial
Portugal entered already established Indian Ocean networks through the Estado da Índia, a web of fortresses, factories, and coastal cities from East Africa to Macao. Seizing and regulating ports sought to alter flows and collect revenue, but did not create Indian Ocean commerce or control it completely: Asian authorities, navigators, merchants, and European competitors retained decisive capacities. Naval and colonial coercion were part of the regime, not merely a logistical innovation.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · approximate
- End
- year · approximate
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- Date not recorded
Reading the date: duration of a process.
Sources
- asia.si.edu (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- Pending verification: the source could not be accessed
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.