c. 1100 BCE–c. 600 BCE
Phoenician ports and Mediterranean exchange networks
Trade & global routes · Redes marítimas · Puertos · Colonias y asentamientos · Materias primas
Phoenician cities developed and renewed maritime connections with Egypt, the Aegean, and later other Mediterranean ports; archaeology of settlements and objects traces part of those networks. They were not a unified empire or a homogeneous merchant community. Trade, settlement, resource extraction, tribute, war, and competition among cities and local populations intertwined in variable ways.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · approximate
- End
- year · approximate
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- Date not recorded
Reading the date: duration of a process.
Sources
- www.metmuseum.org (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- Pending verification: the source could not be accessed
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.