1648 AD
Treaties and settlements of Westphalia
Law & constitutions · Tratados, imperio y orden político
The 1648 treaties of Münster and Osnabrück ended the Thirty Years’ War and ordered relations among the emperor, imperial estates, France, Sweden, and other actors. They recognized concrete territorial, confessional, and procedural arrangements within and around the Empire; they did not by themselves “found” an international system of sovereign states.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · no uncertainty qualifier in this record
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- Date not recorded
Reading the date: point event.
Sources
- avalon.law.yale.edu (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- Not identified in metadata; document review pending
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.