1986 AD
Modern backpropagation
Artificial intelligence · Machine learning
Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams popularize training multilayer networks through backpropagation. The paper broadened use of a method with earlier roots, rather than inventing every form of reverse differentiation.
Precision, calendar, and review
- Start
- year · no uncertainty qualifier in this record
- Calendar and convention
- Historical-era years; the source calendar is not identified. No conversion of days is assumed.
- Year zero
- The scale goes from 1 BCE to 1 CE without year zero. Changing era names changes labels only.
- Documentary review
- 2026-09-20
Reading the date: point event.
Sources
- www.nature.com (opens in a new tab)
Source provenance and scope
- Publication date
- 1986-10
- What this date describes
- The cited source or edition; it may postdate the historical event.
- Bibliographic date checked
- 2026-09-23
- Date evidence
- Declared in the cited source’s publisher metadata.
- Access date
- 2026-09-20
The correspondence between this reference and individual claims has not yet been itemized.
This record is an editorial synthesis. Consult the sources to check claims and their limits. Chronological relationships alone do not establish causation.