Islam

An editorial selection for comparing processes, events, and lives. The interval and counts describe selected records, not the historical boundaries or importance of the subject.

Canonical records: 45
Events: 29
People: 0
Processes and periods: 16

Compare in the atlas Selection criteria and limits

Topics represented

Islam (42) · Religion (42) · Empire and state (20) · Sunni (16) · Chií (8) · Culture (8) · Early Islam (7) · Derecho y educación (6) · Pilgrimage (6) · Conflict (5) · Law & constitutions (3) · South Asian Islam (3)

View distribution by region and period

Canonical records by regional label and start date. These are numerical analysis bins, not universal historical periods. A multi-region record appears in multiple rows; do not add rows as a unique-record total.
Region	1–1499	1500–1799	1800–1899	1900–1999	Since 2000
Africa	12	1	0	2	0
Americas	0	0	0	1	0
Asia	29	3	1	4	2
Europe	7	0	1	2	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0
Global / no specific region	2	0	0	0	4

Records and sources

Ordered by start date. Long lives and processes may begin before the period you want to study.

c. 1400–c. 1600
Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning
Sankore and other madrasas made the city an intellectual and spiritual center for the diffusion of Islam in Africa.
1453
Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
The city became an Ottoman imperial capital; its urban and religious transformation is narrated alongside effects on existing Christian and Jewish communities.
1501
Safavids and Twelver state religion
The Safavid dynasty made Shiʿi Islam the official religion of its new state; key to Iranian history without homogenizing its society.
1516–1517
Ottoman conquest of Syria and Egypt
Annexation included the Holy Cities and reorganized the relationship between Ottoman authority and pilgrimage centers.
1526–1858
Mughal Empire
An Indo-Islamic empire of subcontinental reach, marked by religious and cultural patronage and changing relations with diverse communities.
1839–1876
Ottoman Tanzimat
Reforms centered on justice and equality before the law for Ottoman subjects; a milestone for studying religion, citizenship, and modern institutions.
1924
Abolition of the Ottoman caliphate
The Republic of Turkey abolished the caliphal institution; the event had transnational symbolic and political consequences, not one Muslim response.
1928
Founding of the Muslim Brotherhood
An organization founded in Egypt by Ḥasan al-Bannā; included as a specific modern movement, not as a synonym for Islam.
1947
Independence of Pakistan
Pakistan’s creation introduced a new constitutional and political relationship between a state and its Muslim identity, debated by multiple internal currents.
1969
Founding of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Rabat summit created an intergovernmental organization of states; it does not by itself represent the religious diversity of their populations.
1979
Iranian Revolution and Islamic Republic
A regime change that created a republic with institutions grounded in a Twelver Shiʿi interpretation; it is not extrapolated to all Shiʿism.
2004–2006
Amman Message
A declaration initiated in 2004 and affirmed through later processes: it recognizes legal schools and rejects indiscriminate takfīr. It is its signatories’ document, not total consensus.
2019
Document on Human Fraternity
Signed in Abu Dhabi by the Grand Imam of al-Azhar and Pope Francis; a milestone in contemporary interreligious dialogue.
2022
International Day to Combat Islamophobia
The UN General Assembly designated 15 March and stressed that terrorism and extremism must not be associated with any religion, nationality, or civilization.
2024
UN measures against Islamophobia
The General Assembly adopted a resolution on measures against Islamophobia; recorded as an institutional response, not a quantitative measure of incidence.